Well.



A. L. COLLINS.

WELL.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 21, 1913.

1 ,O94,532 Batented Apr. 28, 1914.

WITNESSES IN VEN TOR.

ARTHUR LEE COLLINS; or EEANcIsco, CALIFORNIA.

WELL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 28, 1914.

Application filed January 21, 1918. Serial R a. 748,809.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ARTHUR LEE COLLINS, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Wells, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates more particularly to the installation of wells for use in pumping ground water for irrigation and domestic uses; but each of the improvements composing the invention, is intended to be secured for all the uses to which'it can be applied with or without modification, and

able depth. The well hole may be cased in part or as a whole.

Water flowing through gravel and sand or porous materials, is retarded by the friction or so-called resistance that the surface of the integrate particles of sand and gravelofiers to the flow of the water. water that will flow through a given area of sand or gravel, will depend essentially'upon' the pressure head oft-he water, the area of air space and the relation .of this air space to the surface area of the integrate particles. Solid particles submerged in water, although heavier than water, may be set in motion by the moving water, due to this force that is offered by the surface of the particles. Holes or perforations when placed below or on the same level in the casing with the porous or loose strata permit sand or other materials to slide into the well with the water and fill up the well hole. The number of particles entering the casing will depend in a measure upon the velocity of the water.

In boring a well, one or ,more porous strata may be encountered, which strata for example will be from one to fifty feet or more in depth. In order to draw the largest amount of water from a well, each stratum should be developed by taking out the finer particles and decreasing the resistance The amount of:

to the water. However, the continual pumping of sand will subject the roof above strata with a water, steam or air jet, or by a mechanical means and the substitution, although not necessary in each case, of coarse gravel, charcoal or suit-able materials 1n the place of finer. particles, either as a means to increase the resistance of the fine particles ast-hey pass over the larger ones, or the regulation of the amount of the water.

The collars and casings as shown, will separate the diflerent sand strata. Also by maklng use of the apparatus as described and causing the particles of sand to move in a vertical direction before entering the well hole, the particles will not be sluiced d rectly into the well hole. The added reslstance due to gravity force, will counteract n a measure, the force of the water. A means is provided for the cutting off of the lower casing as shown, so that the water will be drawn from the upper strata.

The construction and operation of the well is as now described, but it will be understood that additions, omissions and modifications may be made indefinitely within the limits of the invention so long as the substance of any one or more of the hereinafter written claims is taken.

P P P P P P, P are porous water bearing strata. Casing A may have been lowered to stratum P or any other stratum and later, after substituting casings B and I, withdrawn to stratum P as shown. Casings B, etc., may be placed without the aid of outer casings. Casings'such as J and K may also be placed without the aid of outer casing. As an example, casing K can be made up of a length which will reach from top of well and after beingseated, as shown,

can be cut oil or separated by means of a suitable tool.

The attached collars C, E, and G, are for the purpose of sealing of the adjacent strata.

To aid the collar in sealing off the different strata, gravel or suitable materialscan be lowered inside of casin A, and outside of easing B. To permit 0 a series of ring seals, the upper ring may be perforated to act as a screen and to allow the graded particles, for example, to pass through collar C and collar E and be retained at collar G.

By using large perforations in collar C and smaller ones in collar E, the collar C will retain large particles, while collar E will retain a smaller size and collar G the remainder, thus aiding to seal oil the different strata.

D and F are perforations for permitting water to enter casing. They may be of such size as will permit the entrance of suitable materials from inside of well casing to outer water pocket. i

Collar H, is a safety collar-to prevent thewell surface about the strata from caving in and filling up the lower strata.

I, is an expanded casing which acts as a collar and also asa means of providing for an inner casing called J.

Casings J and K, are a seriesof inner-casings, each stratum having its outlet as shown at P and P In regulating the flow of water and sand in porous strata, suitable materials can be placed bet-ween inner and outer casing.

L, is a cap or plu and may be the form of a cylinder or suita le form just filling casing K and suspended from above and used as a-seal to cause more orv less water to b'e pumped from stratum l? and upper strata, and in addition, made in such form as to actas a receptacle to collect the sand or fine materials entering well casing above. The number of strata that can be developed in this manner is unlimited.

I claim as my invention and discovery:

1. In a well having successive water strata, a well casing comprising a vertical series of separate cylindrical casing sections concentrically arranged and successively of larger diameter from the lowermost upward, each section extending .up within and spaced from the section above it forming an entrance opening, and the lower end of'each sectionv terminating substantially at the upper limit of a stratum.

2. In a Well .having successive water strata, a well casing comprising a vertical series of separate cylindrical casing sections limit of a stratum, the uppermost section being annularly reduced at its top portion, and a cylindrical casing section larger in diameter than said're'duced portion extending down over the top thereof and spaced therefrom and from the sides of the well and extending upwardly toward the top of the Well, said latter casing section being circumferentially perforated at intervals between' successive water strata and having collars attached theretofor packing off each stratum from discharging fluid downwardly.

3. In a well having successive water strata, a well casing comprising a vertical series of separate cylindrical casing sections concentrically arranged and successivelyof larger diameter from the lowermost upward, each section extending up Within and spaced from the section above it forming an entrance opening, the lower end of each sec- I tion.terminating substantially at the upper limit of a stratum, and acap for closing the top of any. desired section whereby water fromlower strata and casing sections may be cut off.

4. A well casing comprising a cylindrical section adapted to be spaced from the sides of a Well and circumferentially perforated at predetermined intervals whereby said perforated portions will be located between successive water strata, and annular collars on said casing between said perforated portions whereby water strata may be packed off from discharging downwardly.

ARTHUR LEE COLLINS. 

